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中华人民共和国个人所得税法实施条例(附英文)

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中华人民共和国个人所得税法实施条例(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国个人所得税法实施条例(附英文)

1994年1月28日,国务院

第一条 根据《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》(以下简称税法)的规定,制定本条例。
第二条 税法第一条第一款所说的在中国境内有住所的个人,是指因户籍、家庭、经济利益关系而在中国境内习惯性居住的个人。
第三条 税法第一条第一款所说的在境内居住满一年,是指在一个纳税年度中在中国境内居住365日。临时离境的,不扣减日数。
前款所说的临时离境,是指在一个纳税年度中一次不超过30日或者多次累计不超过90日的离境。
第四条 税法第一条第一款、第二款所说的从中国境内取得的所得,是指来源于中国境内的所得;所说的从中国境外取得的所得,是指来源于中国境外的所得。
第五条 下列所得,不论支付地点是否在中国境内,均为来源于中国境内的所得:
(一)因任职、受雇、履约等而在中国境内提供劳务取得的所得;
(二)将财产出租给承租人在中国境内使用而取得的所得;
(三)转让中国境内的建筑物、土地使用权等财产或者在中国境内转让其他财产取得的所得;
(四)许可各种特许权在中国境内使用而取得的所得;
(五)从中国境内的公司、企业以及其他经济组织或者个人取得的利息、股息、红利所得。
第六条 在中国境内无住所,但是居住一年以上五年以下的个人,其来源于中国境外的所得,经主管税务机关批准,可以只就由中国境内公司、企业以及其他经济组织或者个人支付的部分缴纳个人所得税;居住超过五年的个人,从第六年起,应当就其来源于中国境外的全部所得缴纳个人所得税。
第七条 在中国境内无住所,但是在一个纳税年度中在中国境内连续或者累计居住不超过90日的个人,其来源于中国境内的所得,由境外雇主支付并且不由该雇主在中国境内的机构、场所负担的部分,免予缴纳个人所得税。
第八条 税法第二条所说的各项个人所得的范围:
(一)工资、薪金所得,是指个人因任职或者受雇而取得的工资、薪金、奖金、年终加薪、劳动分红、津贴、补贴以及与任职或者受雇有关的其他所得。
(二)个体工商户的生产、经营所得,是指:
1.个体工商户从事工业、手工业、建筑业、交通运输业、商业、饮食业、服务业、修理业以及其他行业生产、经营取得的所得;
2.个人经政府有关部门批准,取得执照,从事办学、医疗、咨询以及其他有偿服务活动取得的所得;
3.其他个人从事个体工商业生产、经营取得的所得;
4.上述个体工商户和个人取得的与生产、经营有关的各项应纳税所得。
(三)对企事业单位的承包经营、承租经营所得,是指个人承包经营、承租经营以及转包、转租取得的所得,包括个人按月或者按次取得的工资、薪金性质的所得。
(四)劳务报酬所得,是指个人从事设计、装璜、安装、制图、化验、测试、医疗、法律、会计、咨询、讲学、新闻、广播、翻译、审稿、书画、雕刻、影视、录音、录像、演出、表演、广告、展览、技术服务、介绍服务、经纪服务、代办服务以及其他劳务取得的所得。
(五)稿酬所得,是指个人因其作品以图书、报刊形式出版、发表而取得的所得。
(六)特许权使用费所得,是指个人提供专利权、商标权、著作权、非专利技术以及其他特许权的使用权取得的所得;提供著作权的使用权取得的所得,不包括稿酬所得。
(七)利息、股息、红利所得,是指个人拥有债权、股权而取得的利息、股息、红利所得。
(八)财产租赁所得,是指个人出租建筑物、土地使用权、机器设备、车船以及其他财产取得的所得。
(九)财产转让所得,是指个人转让有价证券、股权、建筑物、土地使用权、机器设备、车船以及其他财产取得的所得。
(十)偶然所得,是指个人得奖、中奖、中彩以及其他偶然性质的所得。
个人取得的所得,难以界定应纳税所得项目的,由主管税务机关确定。
第九条 对股票转让所得征收个人所得税的办法,由财政部另行制定,报国务院批准施行。
第十条 个人取得的应纳税所得,包括现金、实物和有价证券。所得为实物的,应当按照取得的凭证上所注明的价格计算应纳税所得额;无凭证的实物或者凭证上所注明的价格明显偏低的,由主管税务机关参照当地的市场价格核定应纳税所得额。所得为有价证券的,由主管税务机关根据票面价格和市场价格核定应纳税所得额。
第十一条 税法第三条第四项所说的劳务报酬所得一次收入畸高,是指个人一次取得劳务报酬,其应纳税所得额超过20000元。
对前款应纳税所得额超过20000元至50000元的部分,依照税法规定计算应纳税额后再按照应纳税额加征五成;超过50000元的部分,加征十成。
第十二条 税法第四条第二项所说的国债利息,是指个人持有中华人民共和国财政部发行的债券而取得的利息所得;所说的国家发行的金融债券利息,是指个人持有经国务院批准发行的金融债券而取得的利息所得。
第十三条 税法第四条第三项所说的按照国家统一规定发给的补贴、津贴,是指按照国务院规定发给的政府特殊津贴和国务院规定免纳个人所得税的补贴、津贴。
第十四条 税法第四条第四项所说的福利费,是指根据国家有关规定,从企业、事业单位、国家机关、社会团体提留的福利费或者工会经费中支付给个人的生活补助费;所说的救济金,是指国家民政部门支付给个人的生活困难补助费。
第十五条 税法第四条第八项所说的依照我国法律规定应予免税的各国驻华使馆、领事馆的外交代表、领事官员和其他人员的所得,是指依照《中华人民共和国外交特权与豁免条例》和《中华人民共和国领事特权与豁免条例》规定免税的所得。
第十六条 税法第五条所说的减征个人所得税,其减征的幅度和期限由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定。
第十七条 税法第六条第一款第二项所说的成本、费用,是指纳税义务人从事生产、经营所发生的各项直接支出和分配计入成本的间接费用以及销售费用、管理费用、财务费用;所说的损失,是指纳税义务人在生产、经营过程中发生的各项营业外支出。
从事生产、经营的纳税义务人未提供完整、准确的纳税资料,不能正确计算应纳税所得额的,由主管税务机关核定其应纳税所得额。
第十八条 税法第六条第一款第三项所说的每一纳税年度的收入总额,是指纳税义务人按照承包经营、承租经营合同规定分得的经营利润和工资、薪金性质的所得;所说的减除必要费用,是指按月减除800元。
第十九条 税法第六条第一款第五项所说的财产原值,是指:
(一)有价证券,为买入价以及买入时按照规定交纳的有关费用;
(二)建筑物,为建造费或者购进价格以及其他有关费用;
(三)土地使用权,为取得土地使用权所支付的金额、开发土地的费用以及其他有关费用;
(四)机器设备、车船,为购进价格、运输费、安装费以及其他有关费用;
(五)其他财产,参照以上方法确定。
纳税义务人未提供完整、准确的财产原值凭证,不能正确计算财产原值的,由主管税务机关核定其财产原值。
第二十条 税法第六条第一款第五项所说的合理费用,是指卖出财产时按照规定支付的有关费用。
第二十一条 税法第六条第一款第四项、第六项所说的每次收入,是指:
(一)劳务报酬所得,属于一次性收入的,以取得该项收入为一次;属于同一项目连续性收入的,以一个月内取得的收入为一次。
(二)稿酬所得,以每次出版、发表取得的收入为一次。
(三)特许权使用费所得,以一项特许权的一次许可使用所取得的收入为一次。
(四)财产租赁所得,以一个月内取得的收入为一次。
(五)利息、股息、红利所得,以支付利息、股息、红利时取得的收入为一次。
(六)偶然所得,以每次取得该项收入为一次。
第二十二条 财产转让所得,按照一次转让财产的收入额减除财产原值和合理费用后的余额,计算纳税。
第二十三条 二个或者二个以上的个人共同取得同一项目收入的,应当对每个人取得的收入分别按照税法规定减除费用后计算纳税。
第二十四条 税法第六条第二款所说的个人将其所得对教育事业和其他公益事业的捐赠,是指个人将其所得通过中国境内的社会团体、国家机关向教育和其他社会公益事业以及遭受严重自然灾害地区、贫困地区的捐赠。
捐赠额未超过纳税义务人申报的应纳税所得额30%的部分,可以从其应纳税所得额中扣除。
第二十五条 税法第六条第三款所说的在中国境外取得工资、薪金所得,是指在中国境外任职或者受雇而取得的工资、薪金所得。
第二十六条 税法第六条第三款所说的附加减除费用,是指每月在减除800元费用的基础上,再减除本条例第二十八条规定数额的费用。
第二十七条 税法第六条第三款所说的附加减除费用适用的范围,是指:
(一)在中国境内的外商投资企业和外国企业中工作的外籍人员;
(二)应聘在中国境内的企业、事业单位、社会团体、国家机关中工作的外籍专家;
(三)在中国境内有住所而在中国境外任职或者受雇取得工资、薪金所得的个人;
(四)财政部确定的其他人员。
第二十八条 税法第六条第三款所说的附加减除费用标准为3200元。
第二十九条 华侨和香港、澳门、台湾同胞,参照本条例第二十六条、第二十七条、第二十八条的规定执行。
第三十条 在中国境内有住所,或者无住所而在境内居住满一年的个人,从中国境内和境外取得的所得,应当分别计算应纳税额。
第三十一条 税法第七条所说的已在境外缴纳的个人所得税税额,是指纳税义务人从中国境外取得的所得,依照该所得来源国家或者地区的法律应当缴纳并且实际已经缴纳的税额。
第三十二条 税法第七条所说的依照税法规定计算的应纳税额,是指纳税义务人从中国境外取得的所得,区别不同国家或者地区和不同应税项目,依照税法规定的费用减除标准和适用税率计算的应纳税额;同一国家或者地区内不同应税项目的应纳税额之和,为该国家或者地区的扣除限额。
纳税义务人在中国境外一个国家或者地区实际已经缴纳的个人所得税税额,低于依照前款规定计算出的该国家或者地区扣除限额的,应当在中国缴纳差额部分的税款;超过该国家或者地区扣除限额的,其超过部分不得在本纳税年度的应纳税额中扣除,但是可以在以后纳税年度的该国家或者地区扣除限额的余额中补扣。补扣期限最长不得超过五年。
第三十三条 纳税义务人依照税法第七条的规定申请扣除已在境外缴纳的个人所得税税额时,应当提供境外税务机关填发的完税凭证原件。
第三十四条 扣缴义务人在向个人支付应税款项时,应当依照税法规定代扣税款,按时缴库,并专项记载备查。
前款所说的支付,包括现金支付、汇拨支付、转帐支付和以有价证券、实物以及其他形式的支付。
第三十五条 自行申报的纳税义务人,应当向取得所得的当地主管税务机关申报纳税。从中国境外取得所得,以及在中国境内二处或者二处以上取得所得的,可以由纳税义务人选择一地申报纳税;纳税义务人变更申报纳税地点的,应当经原主管税务机关批准。
第三十六条 自行申报的纳税义务人,在申报纳税时,其在中国境内已扣缴的税款,准予按照规定从应纳税额中扣除。
第三十七条 纳税义务人兼有税法第二条所列的二项或者二项以上的所得的,按项分别计算纳税。在中国境内二处或者二处以上取得税法第二条第一项、第二项、第三项所得的,同项所得合并计算纳税。
第三十八条 税法第九条第二款所说的特定行业,是指采掘业、远洋运输业、远洋捕捞业以及财政部确定的其他行业。
第三十九条 税法第九条第二款所说的按年计算、分月预缴的计征方式,是指本条例第三十八条所列的特定行业职工的工资、薪金所得应纳的税款,按月预缴,自年度终了之日起30日内,合计其全年工资、薪金所得,再按12个月平均并计算实际应纳的税款,多退少补。
第四十条 税法第九条第四款所说的由纳税义务人在年度终了后30日内将应纳的税款缴入国库,是指在年终一次性取得承包经营、承租经营所得的纳税义务人,自取得收入之日起30日内将应纳的税款缴入国库。
第四十一条 依照税法第十条的规定,所得为外国货币的,应当按照填开完税凭证的上一月最后一日中国人民银行公布的外汇牌价,折合成人民币计算应纳税所得额。依照税法规定,在年度终了后汇算清缴的,对已经按月或者按次预缴税款的外国货币所得,不再重新折算;对应当补缴税款的所得部分,按照上一纳税年度最后一日中国人民银行公布的外汇牌价,折合成人民币计算应纳税所得额。
第四十二条 税务机关按照税法第十一条的规定付给扣缴义务人手续费时,应当按月填开收入退还书发给扣缴义务人。扣缴义务人持收入退还书向指定的银行办理退库手续。
第四十三条 个人所得税纳税申报表、扣缴个人所得税报告表和个人所得税完税凭证式样,由国家税务总局统一制定。
第四十四条 税法和本条例所说的纳税年度,自公历1月1日起至12月31日止。
第四十五条 1994纳税年度起,个人所得税依照税法以及本条例的规定计算征收。
第四十六条 本条例由财政部会同国家税务总局解释。
第四十七条 本条例自发布之日起施行。1987年8月8日国务院发布的《中华人民共和国国务院关于对来华工作的外籍人员工资、薪金所得减征个人所得税的暂行规定》同时废止。

REGULATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAXLAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

(State Council: 28 January 1994)

Whole Doc.
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Individual
Income Tax law of the People's Republic of China (the "Tax Law").
Article 2
For the Purposes of the first paragraph of Article 1 of the Tax Law,
the term "individuals who have domicile in China" shall mean individuals
who by reason of their permanent registered address, family or economic
interests, habitually reside in the People's Republic of China.
Article 3
For the purposes of the first paragraph of Article 1 of the Tax Law,
the term "have resided for one year or move in China" shall mean to have
resided within the People's Republic of China for 365 days in a Tax Year.
No deductions shall be made from that number of days for Temporary Trips
out of the People's Republic of China.
For the purposes of preceding paragraph, the term "Temporary Trips
out of the People's Republic of China" shall mean absence from the
People's Republic of China for not more than 30 days during a single trip,
or not more than a cumulative total of 90 days over a number of trips,
within the same Tax Year.
Article 4
For the purposes of the first and second paragraphs of Article 1 of
the Tax Law, the term "income derived from sources within China" shall
mean income the source of which is inside the People's Republic of China,
and the term "from sources outside China" shall mean income the source of
which is outside the People's Republic of China.
Article 5
The following income, whether the place of payment is inside the
People's Republic of China or not, shall be income derived from sources
inside the People's Republic of China.
(1) income from personal services provided inside the People's
Republic of China because of the tenure of an office, employment, the
performance of a contract, etc.;
(2) income from the lease of property to a lessee for use inside the
People's Republic of China;
(3) income from the assignment of property such as buildings, land
use rights, etc. inside the People's Republic of China or the assignment
inside the People's Republic of China of any other property;
(4) Income from the licensing for use inside the People's Republic of
China of any kind of licensing rights;
(5) income from interest, dividends and extra dividends derived from
companies, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals
inside the People's Republic of China.
Article 6
For income derived from sources outside the People's Republic of
China of individuals not domiciled in the People's Republic of China, but
resident for more than one year and less than five years, subject to the
approval of the tax authorities-in-charge, individual income tax may be
paid on only that part which was paid by companies, enterprises or other
economic organizations or individuals which are inside the People's
Republic of China. Individuals who reside for more than five years shall,
commencing from the sixth year, pay individual income tax on the whole
amount of income derived from sources outside the People's Republic of
China.
Article 7
For individuals who are not domiciled in the People's Republic of
China, but who reside inside the People's Republic of China consecutively
or accumulatively for not more than 90 days in any one Tax Year, their
income derived from sources inside the People's Republic of China which is
paid by an employer outside the People's Republic of China, and which is
not borne by the employer's establishment or business place within the
People's Republic of China, shall be exempt from individual income tax.
Article 8
The scope of the categories of income mentioned in Article 2 of the
Tax Law shall be as set forth below;
(1) The term "income from wages and salaries" shall mean wages,
salaries, bonuses, year-end extras, profit shares, subsidies, allowances
and other income related to the tenure of an office or employment that is
derived by individuals by virtue of the tenure of an office or employment.
(2) The term "income from production or business operation derived by
individual industrial and commercial households" shall mean the following:
(a) income derived by individual industrial and commercial households
from engagement in industry, handicrafts, construction, transportation,
commerce, the food and beverage industry, the service industry, the repair
industry and production and business in other industries;
(b) income derived by individuals from engagement, with approval from
the relevant government authorities and after having obtained licenses, in
the provision of educational. medical, advisory and other services
activities for consideration;
(c) other income derived by individuals from engagement in individual
industrial and commercial production and business;
(d) all taxable income related to production and business of the
above individual industrial and commercial households and individuals.
(3) The term "income from contracted or leased operation of
enterprises or institutions" shall mean income derived by individuals from
contracted or leased operations, or from assigning such contracts or
leases, including income of a wage or salary nature derived by individuals
on a monthly basis or from time to time.
(4) The term "income from remuneration for personal services" shall
mean income derived by individuals from engagement in design, decoration,
installation, drafting, laboratory testing, other testing, medical
treatment, legal accounting, advisory, lecturing, news, broadcasting,
translation, proofreading, painting and calligraphic, carving, moving
picture and television, sound recording, video recording, show,
performance, advertising, exhibition and technical services, introduction
services, brokerage services, agency services and other personal services.
(5) The term "income from author's remuneration" shall mean income
derived by individuals by virtue of the publication of their works in
books, newspapers and periodicals.
(6) The term "income from royalties" shall mean income derived by
individuals from provision of the right to use patent rights, trademark
rights, copyrights, non-patented technology and other licensing rights,
Income from provision of the fight to use copyrights shall not include
income from author's remuneration.
(7) The term "income from interest, dividends and extra dividends"
shall mean income from interest, dividends and extra dividends that is
derived by individuals by virtue of their possession of creditor's rights
and share rights.
(8) The term "income from lease of property" shall mean income
derived by individuals from the lease of buildings, land use rights,
machinery, equipment, means of transportation and other property.
(9) The term "income from transfer of properly" shall mean income
derived by individuals from the assignment of negotiable securities, share
rights, structures, land use rights, machinery, equipment, means of
transportation and other property.
(10) The term "contingent income" shall mean income derived by
individuals from winning awards, prizes and lotteries and other income of
an occasional nature.
Income derived by individuals for which the taxable category is
difficult to determine shall be decided upon by the tax
authorities-in-charge.
Article 9
Measures for the levy and collection if individual income tax on
income from the transfer of shares shall be separately formulated by the
Ministry of Finance and implemented upon approval by the State Council.
Article 10
Taxable income derived by individuals shall include cash, physical
objects and negotiable securities. If the income is in the form of
physical objects, the amount of taxable income shall be determined
according to the price specified on the voucher obtained. If there is no
receipt for the physical objects or if the price specified on the voucher
is obviously on the low side, the tax authorities-in-charge shall
determine the amount of taxable income by reference to the local market
price, If the income is in the form of negotiable securities, the amount
of taxable income shall be determined by the tax authorities-in-charge
according to the face value and the market price.
Article 11
For the purposes of item (4) of Article 3 of the Tax Law, the phrase
"a specific payment of income from remuneration for personal service is
excessively high" shall mean a payment received as remuneration for
personal service with an amount of taxable income exceeding RMB 20000.
That part of taxable income as mentioned in the preceding paragraph
which exceeds RMB 20000 but does not exceed RMB 50000 shall, after the
amount of tax payable is calculated in accordance with the Tax Law. be
subject to an additional levy at the rate of 50 percent of the amount of
tax payable. That part which exceeds RMB 50000 shall be subject to an
additional levy at the rate of 100 percent of tax payable.
Article 12
For the purposes of item (2) of Article 4 of the Tax Law, the term
"interest on national debt obligations" shall mean interest income derived
by individuals by virtue of holding bonds issued by the Ministry of
Finance of the People's Republic of China, and the term "interest on
financial debentures issued by the state" shall mean interest income
derived by individuals by viture of holding financial bonds issued with
State Council approval.
Article 13
For the purposes of item (3) of Article 4 of the Tax Law, the term
"subsidies and allowances paid in accordance with uniform regulations of
the state" shall mean special government subsidies issued in accordance
with State Council regulations and allowances and subsidies that are
exempt from individual income tax by State Council regulations.
Article 14
For the purposes of item (4) of Article 4 of the Tax Law, the term
"welfare benefits" shall mean cost-of-living subsidies paid to individuals
according to relevant state regulations out of the welfare benefits or
labor union funds allocated by enterprises, institutions, government
agencies and social organizations, and the term "relief payments" shall
mean hardship subsidies paid to individuals by civil affairs authorities
of the state.
Article 15
For the purposes of item (8) of Article 4 of the Tax Law, the "income
derived by the diplomatic agents, consular officers and other personnel
who are exempt from tax under the provisions of the relevant Laws of
China" shall mean income that is tax-exempt under the Regulations of the
People's Republic of China Concerning Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities
and the Regulations of the People's Republic of China concerning Consular
Privileges and Immunities.
Article 16
The ranges and periods of the reductions in individual income tax
referred to in Article 5 of the Tax Law shall be stipulated by the
People's Governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the central government.
Article 17
For the purposes of item (2) of the first paragraph of Article 6 of
the Tax Law, the terms "costs" and "expenses" shall mean all direct
expenditures, indirect expenses allocated as costs, as well as marketing
expenses, administrative expenses and financial expenses incurred by
taxpayers while engaging in production and business, and the term "losses"
shall mean all non-operating expenditures incurred by taxpayers in the
course of production and business.
If a taxpayer engaging in production or business fails to provide
complete and accurate tax information and is unable to correctly calculate
the amount of taxable income, his amount of taxable income shall be
determined by the tax authorities-in-charge.
Article 18
For the purposes of item (3) of the first paragraph of Article 6 of
the Tax Law, the term "the gross income in a tax year" shall mean the
share of the operating profit or the income of a wage or salary nature
derived by the taxpayer according to the contract for the contracted or
leased operation and the term "deduction of necessary expenses" shall mean
a monthly deduction of RMB 800.
Article 19
For the purposes of item (5) of the first paragraph of Article 6 of
the Tax Law, the term "the original value of the property" shall mean:
(1) in the case of negotiable securities, the price for which they
were purchased and related expenses paid according to regulations at the
time of purchase;
(2) in the case of buildings, the construction expenses or purchase
price, and other related expenses;
(3) in the case of land use rights, amount paid to acquire the land
use rights, land development expenses and other related expenses;
(4) in the case of machinery, equipment, vehicles and vessels, the
purchase, freight, installation expenses and other related expenses;
(5) in the case of other property, the original value shall be
determined by reference of the above methods.
If a taxpayer fails to provide complete and accurate vouchers
concerning the original value of the property and is unable to correctly
calculate the original value of the property, the original value of the
property shall be determined by the tax authorities-in-charge.
Article 20
For the purposes of item (5) of the first paragraph of Article 6 of
the Tax Law, the term "reasonable expenses" shall mean relevant expenses
paid in accordance with regulations at the time of sale.
Article 21
For the purposes of items (4) and (6) of the first paragraph of
Article 6 of the Tax Law, the term "each payment" shall mean:
(1) in the case of income from remuneration for personal services,
the amount, if the income is derived in a lump sum, of that lump sum; and,
if the income is of a continuing nature and pertains to the same project,
the income derived during one month;
(2) in the case of income from author's remuneration, the income
derived on each instance of publication;
(3) in the case of income from royalties, the income derived from
each instance of licensing a licensing right;
(4) in the ease of income from the lease of property, the income
derived during one month;
(5) in the case of income from interest, dividends and extra
dividends, the income derived each time interest, dividends or extra
dividends are paid;
(6) in the case of contingent income, each payment of such income
obtained.
Article 22
Tax on income from the assignment of property shall be calculated and
paid on the proceeds of a single assignment of property less the original
value of the property and reasonable expenses.
Article 23
If the same item of income is derived by two or more individuals, tax
thereon shall be calculated and paid separately on the income derived by
each individual after the deduction of expenses respectively in accordance
with the Tax Law.
Article 24
For the purposes of the second paragraph of Article 6 of the Tax Law,
the term "individual income donated to educational and other public
welfare undertakings" refers to the donation by individuals of their
income to educational and other public welfare undertakings, and to areas
suffering from serious natural disasters or poverty, through social
organizations or government agencies in the People's Republic of China.
That part of the amount of donations which does not exceed 30 percent
of the amount of taxable income declared by the taxpayer may be deducted
from his amount of taxable income.
Article 25
For the purposes of the third paragraph of Article 6 of the Tax Law,
the term "income from wages and salaries from sources outside China" shall
mean income from wages and salaries derived from the tenure of an office
or employment outside the People's Republic of China.
Article 26
For the purposes of the third paragraph of Article 6 of the Tax Law,
the term: "additional deductions for expenses" shall mean a monthly
deduction for expenses in the amount specified in Article 28 hereof in
addition to the deduction for expenses of RMB 800.
Article 27
For the purposes of the third paragraph of Article 6 of the Tax Law,
the term "the scope of applicability of such additional deductions for
expenses" shall mean:
(1) foreign nationals working in foreign investment enterprises and
foreign enterprises in the People's Republic of China;
(2) foreign experts hired to work in enterprises, institutions,
social organizations and government agencies in the People's Republic of
China;
(3) individuals who are domiciled in the People's Republic of China
and derive income from wages and salaries by virtue of their tenure of an
office or employment outside the People's Republic of China; and
(4) other personal as determined by the Ministry of Finance.
Article 28
The standard for the additional deductions for expenses mentioned in
the third paragraph of Article 6 of the Tax Law shall be RMB 3200.
Article 29
Overseas Chinese and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots shall be
treated by reference to Article 26, 27 and 28 hereof.
Article 30
Individuals who are domiciled in the People's Republic of China, or
who are not domiciled but have resided in the People's Republic of China
for at least one year shall calculate the amounts of tax payable for
income derived from sources within and outside the People's Republic of
China separately.
Article 31
For the purposes of Article 7 of the Tax Law, the term "income tax
paid to foreign authorities" shall mean the amount of income tax payable,
and actually paid, on income derived by a taxpayer from sources outside
the People's Republic of China, according to the laws of the country or
region from which that income was derived.
Article 32
For the purposes of Article 7 of the Tax Law, the term "the amount of
tax otherwise payable under this Law" shall mean the amount of tax payable
on income derived by a taxpayer from sources outside the People's Republic
of China, computed separately for each different country or region and for
each different income category, in accordance with the standards for the
deduction of expenses and the applicable tax rates stipulated in the Tax
Law. The sum of the amounts of tax payable in the different income
categories within the same country or region shall be the limit for
deductions for that country or region.
If the actual amount of individual income tax paid by a taxpayer in a
country or region outside the People's Republic of China is less than the
limit for deductions for that country or region computed in accordance
with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the balance shall be paid
in the People's Republic of China. If the amount exceeds the limit for
deductions for that country or areas, the excess portion may not be
deducted from the amount of tax payable for that Tax Year; however, such
excess portion may be deducted from any unused portion of the limit for
deductions for that country or region during subsequent Tax Years, for a
maximum period of five years.
Article 33
When taxpayers apply for approval to deduct the amounts of individual
income tax paid outside the People's Republic of China in accordance with
Article 7 of the Tax Law, they shall provide the original tax payment
receipts issued by the tax authorities outside the People's Republic of
China.
Article 34
When withholding agents make taxable payments to individuals, they
shall withhold tax in accordance with the Tax Law, pay the tax over to the
treasury in a timely manner, and keep special records for future
inspection.
For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the term "payments"
shall include payments in cash, payments by remittance, payments by
account transfer, and payments in the form of negotiable securities,
physical objects and other forms.
Article 35
Taxpayers who personally file tax returns shall file the returns with
and pay tax to the tax authorities-in-charge of the place where their
income is derived. Taxpayers who derive income from sources outside the
People's Republic of China, or who derive income in two or more places
inside the People's Republic of China, may select one place in which to
file tax returns and pay tax. Taxpayers who wish to change the location in
which they file tax returns and pay tax shall obtain the approval of the
original tax authorities-in-charge.
Article 36
When taxpayers who personally file tax returns file their returns,
tax payments that have been withheld inside the People's Republic of China
may be deducted from the amount of tax payable, in accordance with
relevant regulations.
Article 37
Taxpayers who concurrently derive income under two or more of the
categories listed in Article 2 of the Tax Law shall compute and pay tax
separately for each category. Taxpayers who derive income under items
(1), (2) or (3) of Article 2 of the Tax Law in two or more places inside
the People's Republic of China shall combine the income under the same
category for the computation and payment of tax.
Article 38
For the purposes of the second paragraph of Article 9 of the Tax Law,
the term "specified industries" shall mean the excavation industry,
ocean-shipping industry, deepsea fishing industry and other industries as
determined by the Ministry of Finance.
Article 39
For the purposes of the second paragraph of Article 9 of the Tax Law,
the term "tax computed on an annual basis and paid in advance in monthly
installments" shall mean the monthly prepayment of the tax payable on the
income from wages and salaries of staff and workers in the specified
industries listed in Article 38 hereof, and the computation of the actual
tax payment due, within 30 days from the last day of the year, by
averaging over 12 months the total wages and salary income for the whole
year, at which time excess payments shall be refunded and deficiencies
shall be made good.
Article 40
For the purposes of the fourth paragraph of Article 9 of the Tax Law,
the phrase "the tax shall be paid into the state treasury within 30 days
after the end of each tax year" shall mean that taxpayers who derive their
income from contracted or leased operation of enterprises in a lump sum
payment at the end of the year, shall pay the tax payable thereon into the
State treasury within 30 days of the date on which the income is derived.
Article 41
In accordance with Article 10 of the Tax Law, foreign currency income
shall be converted into Renminbi for the computation of the amount of
taxable income at the exchange rate published by the People's Bank of
China on the last day of the month preceding that in which the tax payment
receipt is issued. At the time of the annual settlement after the end of
the year in accordance with the Tax Law, the amounts of foreign currency
income on which tax has been prepaid on a monthly basis or each time the
income was derived shall not be converted again. As for the portion of
income the tax on which is to be made up, the amount of taxable income
shall be computed by converting such portion of income into Renminbi
according to the exchange rate published by the People's Bank of China on
the last day of the preceding Tax Year.
Article 42
When tax authorities pay commissions to withholding agents in
accordance with Article 11 of the Tax Law, they shall issue to the
withholding agents monthly refund certificate, on the strength of which
the withholding agent shall carry out treasury refund procedures with
designated banks.
Article 43
The models for individual income tax returns, individual income tax
withholding returns and individual income tax payment receipts shall be
formulated by the State Administration of Taxation in a unified manner.

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关于扶持粮棉集中产区搞好转化、转产贴息贷款管理办法

农牧渔业部 中国人民银行等


关于扶持粮棉集中产区搞好转化、转产贴息贷款管理办法

1985年6月10日,农牧渔业部/财政部/中国人民银行/中国农业银行

为了促进粮、棉集中产区产业结构的调整,国家决定“自一九八五年起到一九九0年止,每年用一亿元贴息贷款,扶持粮、棉集中产区搞好转化、转产。贷款实行优惠利率,人民银行负责安排贷款,农业银行负责经营,中央财政负担利息”。为了用好此项贷款,特制定本办法。

一、贴息贷款的使用范围
第一条 贴息贷款主要用于粮、棉集中产区发展粮、棉加工、付产品综合利用、饲料加工、食品加工、农村鲜活产品的储藏、保鲜和畜牧、水产的养殖等。
粮棉集中产区是指:山东、河北、河南、安徽、江苏、江西、四川、浙江、湖南、湖北、黑龙江、吉林十二省的粮、棉生产集中的县。
第二条 贴息贷款项目必须符合行业规划,有利于粮食转化、棉花转产。要优先安排周期短、投资少、郊益好的项目。既要考虑就近就地发展加工业,又不要过于分散。
第三条 贴息贷款的主要对象是专业户、联户、农村合作经济组织、经济联合体、乡镇企业,也可用于他们与国营单位联合经营的项目。

二、贴息贷款的申请和审批
第四条 申请贷款者必须是生产、经营的经济实体,有一定的生产技术和经营管理水平,有30%到50%的自有资金,有项目的技术论证和经济评估报告,确有经济效益和还款能力。
每一个专业户贷款一般二、三千元,最高不得超过一万元。
第五条 贷款要贯彻自愿原则。由用款单位按隶属关系提出申请,由当地农业部门牵头,会同同级财政、人行、农行对项目的必要性、经济效益、还款能力、贷款年限等进行审查核定。安排情况报农牧渔业部、财政部、人民银行、农业银行备案。
第六条 贴息贷款年度计划,于上年第四季度由省农业部门会同财政、农行联合上报。由农牧渔业部审查,提出分省数商财政部、人民银行、农业银行后联合下达省有关部门。
分省贷款额度一年一定。当年未用完的贷款指标,可结转到下一年度继续使用,纳入下一年的贷款计划,但不能周转使用。
省对县是否核定贷款额度,如何划定项目审批权限。由省农牧渔业厅(局)、财政厅、人民银行分行、农业银行分行商定。

三、贴息贷款的发放和贷款期
第七条 贴息贷款由农业银行管放管收。经办行按照上级核定的项目和贷款额度发放,经过审查如认为项目经济效益不好,不符合贷款条件,在限期内不能还清贷款的,可以不贷,提请原审定单位更换项目。
第八条 对每个贴息货款项目的贷款期限一般一至三年。最长不能超过五年。

四、贴息贷款的偿还与利率
第九条 贷款本金由借款者按财政部的有关规定或贷款者的其它资金偿还,并在借款合同中规定分年还款计划。
第十条 贷款实行期限管理。借款单位逾期不还,加收利息20%。逾期贷款利息及加收利息全部由借款单位负担,财政不予补贴。
第十一条 贴息贷款实行优惠利率,月息5.4厘,借款者负担1.2厘,中央财政负担4.2厘。由中央财政负担的利息,按贷款数额分配到省,列入地方财政“支援农村合作生产组织资金”预算科目。由省财政厅将实际应付利息,拨给省农业部门,农业银行按实际贷款数向省农业部门结算。

五、审查和监督
第十二条 各级农牧渔业部门、财政部门、人民银行和农业银行,对贷款的发放和使用要进行认真的审查和监督。对擅自改变计划,挪用贷款的借款单位,农业银行有权停止发放贷款,追回挪用的贷款和取消优惠利率并按基准利率加收罚息50%,本息全部由借款者归还。
第十三条 借款单位应按季向地方农牧渔业部门、财政部门、农业银行报送贷款项目的进展情况和各种报表。各省农牧渔业厅(局)、农业银行分行每年将贴息贷款使用情况报农牧渔业部、财政部、人民银行、农业银行备案。省农行于十一月底电告一次实际和预计年底的贷款余额。
第十四条 各省可根据本地实际情况,制订实施细则,并报送农牧渔业部、财政部、人民银行、农业银行备案。


中华人民共和国海域使用管理法

全国人民代表大会常务委员会


中华人民共和国主席令(第61号)

《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》已由中华人民共和国第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议于2001年10月27日通过,现予公布,自2002年1月1日起施行。

中华人民共和国主席 江泽民

2001年10月27日


中华人民共和国海域使用管理法

(2001年10月27日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议通过)


目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 海洋功能区划
第三章 海域使用的申请与审批
第四章 海域使用权
第五章 海域使用金
第六章 监督检查
第七章 法律责任
第八章 附 则

第一章 总 则

第一条 为了加强海域使用管理,维护国家海域所有权和海域使用权人的合法权益,促进海域的合理开发和可持续利用,制定本法。
第二条 本法所称海域,是指中华人民共和国内水、领海的水面、水体、海床和底土。
本法所称内水,是指中华人民共和国领海基线向陆地一侧至海岸线的海域。
在中华人民共和国内水、领海持续使用特定海域三个月以上的排他性用海活动,适用本法。
第三条 海域属于国家所有,国务院代表国家行使海域所有权。任何单位或者个人不得侵占、买卖或者以其他形式非法转让海域。
单位和个人使用海域,必须依法取得海域使用权。
第四条 国家实行海洋功能区划制度。海域使用必须符合海洋功能区划。
国家严格管理填海、围海等改变海域自然属性的用海活动。
第五条 国家建立海域使用管理信息系统,对海域使用状况实施监视、监测。
第六条 国家建立海域使用权登记制度,依法登记的海域使用权受法律保护。
国家建立海域使用统计制度,定期发布海域使用统计资料。
第七条 国务院海洋行政主管部门负责全国海域使用的监督管理。沿海县级以上地方人民政府海洋行政主管部门根据授权,负责本行政区毗邻海域使用的监督管理。
渔业行政主管部门依照《中华人民共和国渔业法》,对海洋渔业实施监督管理。
海事管理机构依照《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法》,对海上交通安全实施监督管理。
第八条 任何单位和个人都有遵守海域使用管理法律、法规的义务,并有权对违反海域使用管理法律、法规的行为提出检举和控告。
第九条 在保护和合理利用海域以及进行有关的科学研究等方面成绩显著的单位和个人,由人民政府给予奖励。

第二章 海洋功能区划

第十条 国务院海洋行政主管部门会同国务院有关部门和沿海省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,编制全国海洋功能区划。
沿海县级以上地方人民政府海洋行政主管部门会同本级人民政府有关部门,依据上一级海洋功能区划,编制地方海洋功能区划。
第十一条 海洋功能区划按照下列原则编制:
(一)按照海域的区位、自然资源和自然环境等自然属性,科学确定海域功能;
(二)根据经济和社会发展的需要,统筹安排各有关行业用海;
(三)保护和改善生态环境,保障海域可持续利用,促进海洋经济的发展;
(四)保障海上交通安全;
(五)保障国防安全,保证军事用海需要。
第十二条 海洋功能区划实行分级审批。
全国海洋功能区划,报国务院批准。
沿海省、自治区、直辖市海洋功能区划,经该省、自治区、直辖市人民政府审核同意后,报国务院批准。
沿海市、县海洋功能区划,经该市、县人民政府审核同意后,报所在的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准,报国务院海洋行政主管部门备案。
第十三条 海洋功能区划的修改,由原编制机关会同同级有关部门提出修改方案,报原批准机关批准;未经批准,不得改变海洋功能区划确定的海域功能。
经国务院批准,因公共利益、国防安全或者进行大型能源、交通等基础设施建设,需要改变海洋功能区划的,根据国务院的批准文件修改海洋功能区划。
第十四条 海洋功能区划经批准后,应当向社会公布;但是,涉及国家秘密的部分除外。
第十五条 养殖、盐业、交通、旅游等行业规划涉及海域使用的,应当符合海洋功能区划。
沿海土地利用总体规划、城市规划、港口规划涉及海域使用的,应当与海洋功能区划相衔接。

第三章 海域使用的申请与审批

第十六条 单位和个人可以向县级以上人民政府海洋行政主管部门申请使用海域。
申请使用海域的,申请人应当提交下列书面材料:
(一)海域使用申请书;
(二)海域使用论证材料;
(三)相关的资信证明材料;
(四)法律、法规规定的其他书面材料。
第十七条 县级以上人民政府海洋行政主管部门依据海洋功能区划,对海域使用申请进行审核,并依照本法和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的规定,报有批准权的人民政府批准。
海洋行政主管部门审核海域使用申请,应当征求同级有关部门的意见。
第十八条 下列项目用海,应当报国务院审批:
(一)填海五十公顷以上的项目用海;
(二)围海一百公顷以上的项目用海;
(三)不改变海域自然属性的用海七百公顷以上的项目用海;
(四)国家重大建设项目用海;
(五)国务院规定的其他项目用海。
前款规定以外的项目用海的审批权限,由国务院授权省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定。

第四章 海域使用权

第十九条 海域使用申请经依法批准后,国务院批准用海的,由国务院海洋行政主管部门登记造册,向海域使用申请人颁发海域使用权证书;地方人民政府批准用海的,由地方人民政府登记造册,向海域使用申请人颁发海域使用权证书。海域使用申请人自领取海域使用权证书之日起,取得海域使用权。
第二十条 海域使用权除依照本法第十九条规定的方式取得外,也可以通过招标或者拍卖的方式取得。招标或者拍卖方案由海洋行政主管部门制订,报有审批权的人民政府批准后组织实施。海洋行政主管部门制订招标或者拍卖方案,应当征求同级有关部门的意见。
招标或者拍卖工作完成后,依法向中标人或者买受人颁发海域使用权证书。中标人或者买受人自领取海域使用权证书之日起,取得海域使用权。
第二十一条 颁发海域使用权证书,应当向社会公告。
颁发海域使用权证书,除依法收取海域使用金外,不得收取其他费用。
海域使用权证书的发放和管理办法,由国务院规定。
第二十二条 本法施行前,已经由农村集体经济组织或者村民委员会经营、管理的养殖用海,符合海洋功能区划的,经当地县级人民政府核准,可以将海域使用权确定给该农村集体经济组织或者村民委员会,由本集体经济组织的成员承包,用于养殖生产。
第二十三条 海域使用权人依法使用海域并获得收益的权利受法律保护,任何单位和个人不得侵犯。
海域使用权人有依法保护和合理使用海域的义务;海域使用权人对不妨害其依法使用海域的非排他性用海活动,不得阻挠。
第二十四条 海域使用权人在使用海域期间,未经依法批准,不得从事海洋基础测绘。
海域使用权人发现所使用海域的自然资源和自然条件发生重大变化时,应当及时报告海洋行政主管部门。
第二十五条 海域使用权最高期限,按照下列用途确定:
(一)养殖用海十五年;
(二)拆船用海二十年;
(三)旅游、娱乐用海二十五年;
(四)盐业、矿业用海三十年;
(五)公益事业用海四十年;
(六)港口、修造船厂等建设工程用海五十年。
第二十六条 海域使用权期限届满,海域使用权人需要继续使用海域的,应当至迟于期限届满前二个月向原批准用海的人民政府申请续期。除根据公共利益或者国家安全需要收回海域使用权的外,原批准用海的人民政府应当批准续期。准予续期的,海域使用权人应当依法缴纳续期的海域使用金。
第二十七条 因企业合并、分立或者与他人合资、合作经营,变更海域使用权人的,需经原批准用海的人民政府批准。
海域使用权可以依法转让。海域使用权转让的具体办法,由国务院规定。
海域使用权可以依法继承。
第二十八条 海域使用权人不得擅自改变经批准的海域用途;确需改变的,应当在符合海洋功能区划的前提下,报原批准用海的人民政府批准。
第二十九条 海域使用权期满,未申请续期或者申请续期未获批准的,海域使用权终止。
海域使用权终止后,原海域使用权人应当拆除可能造成海洋环境污染或者影响其他用海项目的用海设施和构筑物。
第三十条 因公共利益或者国家安全的需要,原批准用海的人民政府可以依法收回海域使用权。
依照前款规定在海域使用权期满前提前收回海域使用权的,对海域使用权人应当给予相应的补偿。
第三十一条 因海域使用权发生争议,当事人协商解决不成的,由县级以上人民政府海洋行政主管部门调解;当事人也可以直接向人民法院提起诉讼。
在海域使用权争议解决前,任何一方不得改变海域使用现状。
第三十二条 填海项目竣工后形成的土地,属于国家所有。
海域使用权人应当自填海项目竣工之日起三个月内,凭海域使用权证书,向县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门提出土地登记申请,由县级以上人民政府登记造册,换发国有土地使用权证书,确认土地使用权。

第五章 海域使用金

第三十三条 国家实行海域有偿使用制度。
单位和个人使用海域,应当按照国务院的规定缴纳海域使用金。海域使用金应当按照国务院的规定上缴财政。
对渔民使用海域从事养殖活动收取海域使用金的具体实施步骤和办法,由国务院另行规定。
第三十四条 根据不同的用海性质或者情形,海域使用金可以按照规定一次缴纳或者按年度逐年缴纳。
第三十五条 下列用海,免缴海域使用金:
(一)军事用海;
(二)公务船舶专用码头用海;
(三)非经营性的航道、锚地等交通基础设施用海;
(四)教学、科研、防灾减灾、海难搜救打捞等非经营性公益事业用海。
第三十六条 下列用海,按照国务院财政部门和国务院海洋行政主管部门的规定,经有批准权的人民政府财政部门和海洋行政主管部门审查批准,可以减缴或者免缴海域使用金:
(一)公用设施用海;
(二)国家重大建设项目用海;
(三)养殖用海。

第六章 监督检查

第三十七条 县级以上人民政府海洋行政主管部门应当加强对海域使用的监督检查。
县级以上人民政府财政部门应当加强对海域使用金缴纳情况的监督检查。
第三十八条 海洋行政主管部门应当加强队伍建设,提高海域使用管理监督检查人员的政治、业务素质。海域使用管理监督检查人员必须秉公执法,忠于职守,清正廉洁,文明服务,并依法接受监督。
海洋行政主管部门及其工作人员不得参与和从事与海域使用有关的生产经营活动。
第三十九条 县级以上人民政府海洋行政主管部门履行监督检查职责时,有权采取下列措施:
(一)要求被检查单位或者个人提供海域使用的有关文件和资料;
(二)要求被检查单位或者个人就海域使用的有关问题作出说明;
(三)进入被检查单位或者个人占用的海域现场进行勘查;
(四)责令当事人停止正在进行的违法行为。
第四十条 海域使用管理监督检查人员履行监督检查职责时,应当出示有效执法证件。
有关单位和个人对海洋行政主管部门的监督检查应当予以配合,不得拒绝、妨碍监督检查人员依法执行公务。
第四十一条 依照法律规定行使海洋监督管理权的有关部门在海上执法时应当密切配合,互相支持,共同维护国家海域所有权和海域使用权人的合法权益。

第七章 法律责任

第四十二条 未经批准或者骗取批准,非法占用海域的,责令退还非法占用的海域,恢复海域原状,没收违法所得,并处非法占用海域期间内该海域面积应缴纳的海域使用金五倍以上十五倍以下的罚款;对未经批准或者骗取批准,进行围海、填海活动的,并处非法占用海域期间内该海域面积应缴纳的海域使用金十倍以上二十倍以下的罚款。
第四十三条 无权批准使用海域的单位非法批准使用海域的,超越批准权限非法批准使用海域的,或者不按海洋功能区划批准使用海域的,批准文件无效,收回非法使用的海域;对非法批准使用海域的直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依法给予行政处分。
第四十四条 违反本法第二十三条规定,阻挠、妨害海域使用权人依法使用海域的,海域使用权人可以请求海洋行政主管部门排除妨害,也可以依法向人民法院提起诉讼;造成损失的,可以依法请求损害赔偿。
第四十五条 违反本法第二十六条规定,海域使用权期满,未办理有关手续仍继续使用海域的,责令限期办理,可以并处一万元以下的罚款;拒不办理的,以非法占用海域论处。
第四十六条 违反本法第二十八条规定,擅自改变海域用途的,责令限期改正,没收违法所得,并处非法改变海域用途的期间内该海域面积应缴纳的海域使用金五倍以上十五倍以下的罚款;对拒不改正的,由颁发海域使用权证书的人民政府注销海域使用权证书,收回海域使用权。
第四十七条 违反本法第二十九条第二款规定,海域使用权终止,原海域使用权人不按规定拆除用海设施和构筑物的,责令限期拆除;逾期拒不拆除的,处五万元以下的罚款,并由县级以上人民政府海洋行政主管部门委托有关单位代为拆除,所需费用由原海域使用权人承担。
第四十八条 违反本法规定,按年度逐年缴纳海域使用金的海域使用权人不按期缴纳海域使用金的,限期缴纳;在限期内仍拒不缴纳的,由颁发海域使用权证书的人民政府注销海域使用权证书,收回海域使用权。
第四十九条 违反本法规定,拒不接受海洋行政主管部门监督检查、不如实反映情况或者不提供有关资料的,责令限期改正,给予警告,可以并处二万元以下的罚款。
第五十条 本法规定的行政处罚,由县级以上人民政府海洋行政主管部门依据职权决定。但是,本法已对处罚机关作出规定的除外。
第五十一条 国务院海洋行政主管部门和县级以上地方人民政府违反本法规定颁发海域使用权证书,或者颁发海域使用权证书后不进行监督管理,或者发现违法行为不予查处的,对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依法给予行政处分;徇私舞弊、滥用职权或者玩忽职守构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

第八章 附 则

第五十二条 在中华人民共和国内水、领海使用特定海域不足三个月,可能对国防安全、海上交通安全和其他用海活动造成重大影响的排他性用海活动,参照本法有关规定办理临时海域使用证。
第五十三条 军事用海的管理办法,由国务院、中央军事委员会依据本法制定。
第五十四条 本法自2002年1月1日起施行。

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